Soft materials such as lichens, moss and shredded bark were used for cushioning and diapers. Bound and wrapped on a cradleboard, a baby can feel safe and secure. Ethnographic tradition indicates that it was common practice to cradleboard newborn children until they were able to walk, although many mothers continued to swaddle their children well past the first birthday. For travel, cradleboards could be hung on a saddle or travois. The cradleboards were attached to the mother's back straps from the shoulder or the head. A cradleboard is a Native American baby carrier used to keep babies secure and comfortable and at the same time allowing the mothers freedom to work and travel. Baby wearing in a sling was well known in Europe in medieval times, but was mainly seen as a practice of marginalised groups such as beggars and Romani people. One of the earliest European artworks showing baby wearing is a fresco by Giotto painted in around 1306 AD, which depicts Mary carrying Jesus in a sling. Images of children being carried in slings can be seen in Egyptian artwork dating back to the time of the Pharaohs, and have been used in many indigenous cultures. Navajo child in a cradleboard, Window Rock, Arizona, 1936 An ergonomic carrier worn on the back Frame backpack carriers (a modification of the frame backpack), hip carriers, slings, mei tais and a variety of other soft carriers are used for older children. Slings, soft front carriers, and "baby carriages" are typically used for infants who lack the ability to sit or to hold their head up. On-the-body carriers are designed in various forms such as baby sling, backpack carriers, and soft front or hip carriers, with varying materials and degrees of rigidity, decoration, support and confinement of the child. Infant carrying likely emerged early in human evolution as the emergence of bipedalism would have necessitated some means of carrying babies who could no longer cling to their mothers and/or simply sit on top of their mother's back. The large, heavy prams (short for perambulator), which had become popular during the Victorian era, were replaced by lighter designs during the latter half of the 1900s.īaskets, slings and backpacks A travois being used to transport infants These methods include baby carriages (prams in British English), infant car seats, portable bassinets (carrycots), strollers (pushchairs), slings, backpacks, baskets and bicycle carriers. Various methods of transporting children have been used in different cultures and times. Methods of transporting young children A wicker pram
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